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Research dataset

Coastal sailing performance

Separate sailing records from Valencia, San Francisco, Auckland, and the Solent. Select a location to compare its maneuvers and wind conditions. The records cover different boats.

Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 13 analyzed tacks · 1 unavailable

Instrument performance

Speed through the turn

13 analyzed tacks1 not analyzed5.2 s median turn duration16.2 s median recovery

Aligned tack speed

13 turns · BSP kt · median and middle half
TURN
T 0 sMEDIAN 7.7 ktMIDDLE HALF 7.4 kt–7.9 ktN 13

The shaded band holds the middle half of the turns at each moment. Faint lines show individual turns.

Boat speed through tacks, aligned at the turn
Seconds from turn (s)MedianLower quartileUpper quartileTurns
-298.4 kt7.5 kt8.5 kt11
-288.0 kt7.5 kt8.5 kt13
-278.0 kt7.6 kt8.6 kt13
-268.1 kt7.5 kt8.6 kt13
-258.1 kt7.6 kt8.6 kt13
-248.1 kt7.7 kt8.5 kt13
-238.1 kt7.8 kt8.5 kt13
-228.1 kt7.8 kt8.5 kt13
-218.3 kt7.8 kt8.6 kt13
-208.3 kt7.7 kt8.6 kt13
-198.2 kt7.6 kt8.6 kt13
-188.2 kt7.6 kt8.5 kt13
-178.1 kt7.7 kt8.5 kt13
-168.3 kt7.8 kt8.6 kt13
-158.4 kt7.7 kt8.7 kt13
-148.4 kt7.7 kt8.6 kt13
-138.4 kt7.8 kt8.6 kt13
-128.3 kt7.8 kt8.6 kt13
-118.3 kt7.8 kt8.6 kt13
-108.4 kt7.9 kt8.6 kt13
-98.4 kt7.9 kt8.6 kt13
-88.4 kt7.9 kt8.7 kt13
-78.4 kt7.7 kt8.7 kt13
-68.4 kt7.8 kt8.6 kt13
-58.4 kt7.7 kt8.6 kt13
-48.5 kt7.8 kt8.5 kt13
-38.4 kt7.7 kt8.5 kt13
-28.4 kt7.7 kt8.6 kt13
-18.2 kt7.7 kt8.3 kt13
07.7 kt7.4 kt7.9 kt13
17.3 kt7.0 kt7.6 kt13
26.7 kt6.6 kt7.2 kt13
36.5 kt6.3 kt6.8 kt13
46.4 kt6.0 kt6.6 kt13
56.4 kt6.0 kt6.5 kt13
66.3 kt6.1 kt6.5 kt13
76.5 kt6.3 kt6.6 kt13
86.7 kt6.3 kt6.9 kt13
96.9 kt6.4 kt7.1 kt13
106.9 kt6.6 kt7.2 kt13
117.2 kt6.8 kt7.4 kt13
127.3 kt7.0 kt7.7 kt13
137.6 kt7.1 kt7.9 kt13
147.8 kt7.2 kt8.0 kt13
157.9 kt7.5 kt8.1 kt13
168.0 kt7.8 kt8.3 kt13
178.2 kt8.1 kt8.4 kt13
188.3 kt8.1 kt8.4 kt13
198.3 kt8.1 kt8.4 kt13
208.4 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt13
218.4 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt13
228.5 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt13
238.5 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt13
248.4 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt13
258.5 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt13
268.5 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt13
278.4 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt13
288.4 kt8.4 kt8.5 kt13
298.4 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt13
308.4 kt8.0 kt8.6 kt12
318.4 kt8.2 kt8.6 kt12
328.4 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt12
338.4 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt12
348.4 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt12
358.4 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt12
368.4 kt8.2 kt8.4 kt12
378.4 kt8.2 kt8.4 kt12
388.4 kt8.3 kt8.4 kt11
398.3 kt8.2 kt8.4 kt11
408.4 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt11
418.5 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt11
428.3 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt11
438.4 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt11
448.4 kt8.3 kt8.6 kt11
458.4 kt8.3 kt8.6 kt11
468.5 kt8.3 kt8.6 kt11
478.5 kt8.3 kt8.7 kt11
488.5 kt8.3 kt8.7 kt11
498.6 kt8.4 kt8.7 kt11
508.6 kt8.5 kt8.8 kt11
518.7 kt8.5 kt8.8 kt11
528.6 kt8.5 kt8.8 kt11
538.6 kt8.5 kt8.9 kt11
548.5 kt8.5 kt8.8 kt11
558.5 kt8.5 kt8.7 kt11
568.5 kt8.4 kt8.6 kt11
578.5 kt8.4 kt8.6 kt11
588.5 kt8.4 kt8.6 kt11
598.4 kt8.2 kt8.6 kt11
608.3 kt8.3 kt8.6 kt11
618.4 kt8.3 kt8.6 kt11
628.4 kt8.3 kt8.6 kt11
638.4 kt8.3 kt8.6 kt11
648.4 kt8.3 kt8.6 kt11
658.5 kt8.3 kt8.6 kt11
668.4 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt11
678.4 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt11
688.4 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt11
698.4 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt11
708.4 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt11
718.4 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt11
728.3 kt8.2 kt8.6 kt11
738.4 kt8.2 kt8.6 kt11
748.5 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt11
758.3 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt11
768.4 kt8.3 kt8.4 kt11
778.4 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt11
788.4 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt11
798.4 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt11
808.4 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt11
818.3 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt11
828.4 kt8.2 kt8.4 kt11
838.3 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt11
848.3 kt8.2 kt8.4 kt11
858.2 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt11
868.2 kt8.1 kt8.4 kt11
878.3 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt11
888.3 kt8.1 kt8.4 kt11
898.3 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt11
908.3 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt11
918.3 kt8.1 kt8.6 kt11
928.3 kt8.1 kt8.6 kt11
938.3 kt8.2 kt8.6 kt11
948.4 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt11
958.4 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt11
968.3 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt11
978.3 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt11
988.3 kt8.2 kt8.4 kt11
998.4 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt11
1008.4 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt11
1018.3 kt8.3 kt8.4 kt11
1028.3 kt8.2 kt8.4 kt10
1038.4 kt8.1 kt8.4 kt10
1048.4 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt10
1058.3 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt10
1068.3 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt10
1078.2 kt8.1 kt8.5 kt10
1088.3 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt10
1098.3 kt8.3 kt8.4 kt10
1108.4 kt8.3 kt8.4 kt10
1118.4 kt8.4 kt8.5 kt10
1128.4 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt10
1138.4 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt10
1148.4 kt8.3 kt8.4 kt10
1158.3 kt8.2 kt8.5 kt10
1168.5 kt8.3 kt8.5 kt9
1178.5 kt8.3 kt8.6 kt9
1188.4 kt8.4 kt8.6 kt9
1198.6 kt8.2 kt8.6 kt5
Aligned tack speed. Across 13 tacks the median boat speed falls from 8.4 kt just before the turn to 6.3 kt at +6 s and is 8.3 kt at +60 s.

Selected tack

T 0 sSPEED 6.7 kt

Entry 7.1 kt · low 5.9 kt

BSP through the selected tack
Seconds from turn (s)BSP
-29.27.6 kt
-28.37.6 kt
-26.67.6 kt
-25.87.5 kt
-24.97.5 kt
-24.07.5 kt
-23.27.5 kt
-21.47.5 kt
-20.67.4 kt
-19.77.4 kt
-18.87.4 kt
-17.17.4 kt
-16.37.3 kt
-15.47.1 kt
-14.57.1 kt
-13.77.0 kt
-12.87.0 kt
-11.97.0 kt
-10.26.9 kt
-9.37.1 kt
-8.57.1 kt
-7.67.1 kt
-6.77.0 kt
-5.97.1 kt
-4.27.1 kt
-3.37.0 kt
-2.47.0 kt
-1.66.9 kt
-0.76.7 kt
1.06.6 kt
1.96.6 kt
2.86.4 kt
3.66.1 kt
4.55.9 kt
6.25.9 kt
7.15.9 kt
7.96.1 kt
8.86.1 kt
9.76.2 kt
10.56.5 kt
12.36.7 kt
13.17.0 kt
14.07.2 kt
14.97.4 kt
15.77.6 kt
16.68.0 kt
18.38.2 kt
19.28.2 kt
20.08.3 kt
20.98.2 kt
21.88.2 kt
23.58.1 kt
24.48.1 kt
25.28.0 kt
26.18.1 kt
26.98.0 kt
28.78.1 kt
29.58.0 kt
30.48.0 kt
31.38.0 kt
32.17.9 kt
33.07.9 kt
34.77.9 kt
35.67.9 kt
36.57.8 kt
37.37.8 kt
38.27.7 kt
39.07.6 kt
40.87.6 kt
41.67.6 kt
42.57.5 kt
43.47.6 kt
44.27.9 kt
45.17.9 kt
46.88.0 kt
47.78.1 kt
48.58.4 kt
49.48.7 kt
50.38.9 kt
51.19.2 kt
52.99.5 kt
53.79.7 kt
54.69.9 kt
55.59.7 kt
56.39.5 kt
57.29.1 kt
58.99.0 kt
59.88.6 kt
60.68.5 kt
61.58.4 kt
63.28.4 kt
64.18.4 kt
65.08.5 kt
65.88.4 kt
66.78.4 kt
67.68.4 kt
69.38.4 kt
70.18.3 kt
71.08.3 kt
71.98.2 kt
72.78.2 kt
74.58.3 kt
75.38.3 kt
76.28.4 kt
77.18.4 kt
78.88.3 kt
79.78.3 kt
80.58.1 kt
81.48.1 kt
82.28.1 kt
84.08.1 kt
84.88.0 kt
85.78.1 kt
86.67.9 kt
87.47.9 kt
88.37.8 kt
90.07.8 kt
90.97.8 kt
91.77.8 kt
92.67.7 kt
93.57.7 kt
94.37.6 kt
96.17.3 kt
96.97.3 kt
97.87.2 kt
98.77.1 kt
99.57.0 kt
100.47.0 kt
102.16.9 kt
103.06.8 kt
103.86.8 kt
104.76.7 kt
105.66.5 kt
107.36.4 kt
108.26.4 kt
109.06.4 kt
109.96.4 kt
110.86.3 kt
111.66.2 kt
113.36.1 kt
114.25.9 kt
115.15.8 kt
115.95.8 kt
116.85.8 kt
117.75.8 kt
119.45.7 kt
BSP through the selected tack. BSP goes from 7.6 kt at -29 s to a low of 5.7 kt at +119 s and ends at 5.7 kt.

Wind angle through turn

TWA °
T 0 sWIND ANGLE 6.9°

Recorded true wind angle (TWA), drawn as one continuous line. The readout shows the signed angle. The dotted line marks the turn at 0 seconds.

TWA through the selected tack
Seconds from turn (s)TWA
-29.233.3°
-28.333.3°
-26.631.6°
-25.830.6°
-24.930.3°
-24.029.7°
-23.229.7°
-21.429.9°
-20.631.2°
-19.731.5°
-18.832.3°
-17.131.8°
-16.332.5°
-15.431.8°
-14.534.0°
-13.734.8°
-12.836.7°
-11.939.2°
-10.240.1°
-9.340.6°
-8.540.4°
-7.639.4°
-6.739.4°
-5.939.0°
-4.235.8°
-3.333.3°
-2.425.0°
-1.619.7°
-0.76.9°
1.0-10.1°
1.9-18.0°
2.8-29.6°
3.6-32.7°
4.5-37.4°
6.2-39.1°
7.1-41.0°
7.9-42.5°
8.8-44.4°
9.7-47.4°
10.5-48.7°
12.3-49.6°
13.1-47.5°
14.0-46.6°
14.9-46.7°
15.7-45.4°
16.6-42.7°
18.3-42.0°
19.2-41.8°
20.0-41.8°
20.9-42.1°
21.8-42.8°
23.5-42.6°
24.4-41.4°
25.2-40.4°
26.1-38.6°
26.9-37.5°
28.7-35.7°
29.5-35.5°
30.4-34.5°
31.3-33.5°
32.1-32.1°
33.0-30.7°
34.7-29.6°
35.6-30.1°
36.5-32.4°
37.3-33.6°
38.2-39.5°
39.0-42.2°
40.8-48.9°
41.6-58.8°
42.5-62.5°
43.4-69.1°
44.2-76.2°
45.1-84.8°
46.8-89.7°
47.7-96.9°
48.5-100.3°
49.4-105.8°
50.3-109.6°
51.1-111.5°
52.9-114.4°
53.7-115.6°
54.6-117.4°
55.5-118.7°
56.3-119.3°
57.2-119.9°
58.9-120.0°
59.8-119.6°
60.6-119.6°
61.5-119.7°
63.2-118.9°
64.1-118.7°
65.0-117.5°
65.8-116.8°
66.7-115.7°
67.6-115.6°
69.3-115.2°
70.1-115.4°
71.0-116.1°
71.9-115.9°
72.7-115.8°
74.5-115.9°
75.3-116.2°
76.2-117.5°
77.1-118.9°
78.8-119.0°
79.7-120.3°
80.5-121.1°
81.4-121.5°
82.2-121.6°
84.0-121.8°
84.8-121.8°
85.7-122.5°
86.6-122.5°
87.4-122.3°
88.3-122.3°
90.0-122.5°
90.9-121.7°
91.7-121.4°
92.6-122.5°
93.5-125.0°
94.3-125.8°
96.1-127.9°
96.9-128.9°
97.8-130.2°
98.7-131.3°
99.5-131.1°
100.4-131.6°
102.1-132.2°
103.0-133.3°
103.8-134.3°
104.7-135.5°
105.6-137.6°
107.3-138.7°
108.2-140.4°
109.0-141.0°
109.9-142.4°
110.8-143.7°
111.6-144.2°
113.3-144.0°
114.2-143.9°
115.1-145.3°
115.9-145.8°
116.8-146.5°
117.7-146.6°
119.4-147.6°
Wind angle through the selected tack. TWA goes from 33.3° at -29 s to a low of -147.6° at +119 s and ends at -147.6°.

Turn duration

13 tacks · count by s
BIN —TACKS —

Observed distribution; median 5.2 s.

Turn duration histogram
From (s)To (s)Tacks
3.55.77
5.78.01
8.010.30
10.312.50
12.514.81
14.817.10
17.119.31
19.321.63
Turn duration distribution. Turn duration has a median of 5.2 s over 13 tacks, most often 3.5–5.7 s.

Recovery

13 tacks · count by s
BIN —TACKS —

Observed distribution; median 16.2 s.

Recovery histogram
From (s)To (s)Tacks
11.712.83
12.813.81
13.814.91
14.916.01
16.017.11
17.118.23
18.219.22
19.220.31
Recovery distribution. Recovery has a median of 16.2 s over 13 tacks, most often 11.7–12.8 s.

Acceleration

13 tacks · count by s
BIN —TACKS —

Observed distribution; median 11.2 s.

Acceleration histogram
From (s)To (s)Tacks
6.07.33
7.38.61
8.69.92
9.911.20
11.212.54
12.513.80
13.815.12
15.116.41
Acceleration distribution. Acceleration has a median of 11.2 s over 13 tacks, most often 11.2–12.5 s.

Entry speed versus recovery

13 analyzed tacks · BSP kt / recovery s
TURN —ENTRY —RECOVERY —

Each point is one analyzed tack; select one to show it above. Recovery is the time taken to regain most of the speed the boat had on entry.

Entry boat speed and recovery time per turn
TurnEntry BSP (kt)Recovery (s)
09:37:02 UTC7.113.1
10:35:48 UTC7.319.1
10:47:58 UTC7.816.2
10:57:02 UTC8.212.1
11:00:06 UTC8.515.5
11:00:44 UTC8.817.5
11:02:40 UTC8.817.6
11:25:20 UTC7.414.6
11:30:00 UTC8.617.3
11:34:33 UTC8.311.7
12:11:06 UTC8.618.6
12:16:57 UTC8.720.3
12:17:27 UTC8.012.3
Entry speed versus recovery. 13 tacks entered at 7.1 kt to 8.8 kt and recovered in 11.7–20.3 s.

Distance lost through the turn

RankSession / turnEntry / low BSPTurn / accelerationLossRecoveryStatus / reason
1Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 6/13/20058.7 kt / 6.6 kt5.2 s / 16.4 s17.7 m20.3 sAnalyzed
2Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 6/13/20058.6 kt / 6 kt13.8 s / 13.8 s15.4 m18.6 sAnalyzed
3Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 6/13/20058.8 kt / 6.5 kt19.9 s / 12.1 s14.1 m17.5 sAnalyzed
4Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 6/13/20058.8 kt / 6.8 kt18.1 s / 12.1 s13.7 m17.6 sAnalyzed
5Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 6/13/20058.6 kt / 6.4 kt3.5 s / 12.1 s13.3 m17.3 sAnalyzed
6Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 6/13/20057.3 kt / 5.4 kt21.6 s / 13.8 s11.9 m19.1 sAnalyzed
7Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 6/13/20057.4 kt / 5.9 kt5.2 s / 8.6 s6.6 m14.6 sAnalyzed
8Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 6/13/20058.3 kt / 6.2 kt6 s / 6.9 s6.5 m11.7 sAnalyzed
9Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 6/13/20058.2 kt / 6.5 kt19.9 s / 6 s5.7 m12.1 sAnalyzed
10Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 6/13/20057.1 kt / 5.9 kt5.2 s / 6 s-0.3 m13.1 sAnalyzed
11Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 6/13/20058 kt / 6.4 kt5.2 s / 8.6 s-0.5 m12.3 sAnalyzed
—Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 6/13/20057.8 kt / 6.3 kt5.2 s / 8.6 s—16.2 sAnalyzed
—Valencia · 2005-06-13 · 6/13/20054.9 kt / 2.5 kt— / ———Not analyzed: no steady course before the turn was recorded; the recording has gaps around this turn
Each basis compares the distance sailed through the turn with a reference distance. Each value uses the measurements available for that turn; missing values say why they are missing.

Session comparisons

1. Valencia · 2005-06-13

BSP entry

kt · median and middle half
14/14
SESSION —

n shows turns with measurements out of all turns; the not-analyzed count is in the table.

BSP entry by session
SessionMedianLower quartileUpper quartileAnalyzed / turnsNot analyzed
1. Valencia · 2005-06-138.3 kt7.5 kt8.6 kt14 / 141
BSP entry by session. BSP entry has a median of 8.3 kt (middle half 7.5 kt–8.6 kt) from 14 of 14 turns.

TWA turn duration

s · median and middle half
13/14
SESSION —

n shows turns with measurements out of all turns; the not-analyzed count is in the table.

TWA turn duration by session
SessionMedianLower quartileUpper quartileAnalyzed / turnsNot analyzed
1. Valencia · 2005-06-135.2 s5.2 s18.1 s13 / 141
TWA turn duration by session. TWA turn duration has a median of 5.2 s (middle half 5.2 s–18.1 s) from 13 of 14 turns.

Speed recovery

s · median and middle half
13/14
SESSION —

n shows turns with measurements out of all turns; the not-analyzed count is in the table.

Speed recovery by session
SessionMedianLower quartileUpper quartileAnalyzed / turnsNot analyzed
1. Valencia · 2005-06-1316.2 s13.1 s17.6 s13 / 141
Speed recovery by session. Speed recovery has a median of 16.2 s (middle half 13.1 s–17.6 s) from 13 of 14 turns.

Loss

m · median and middle half
11/14
SESSION —

n shows turns with measurements out of all turns; the not-analyzed count is in the table.

Loss by session
SessionMedianLower quartileUpper quartileAnalyzed / turnsNot analyzed
1. Valencia · 2005-06-1311.9 m6.1 m13.9 m11 / 141
Loss by session. Loss has a median of 11.9 m (middle half 6.1 m–13.9 m) from 11 of 14 turns.

Wind conditions differ between sessions.

Speed polar

Angle: absolute TWA · radius: BSP in knots
True wind speed
POINT —

12–15 kt is highlighted. Lighter lines show other wind bands. Whiskers show the middle half of the readings.

Measured boat speed by absolute wind angle and true wind speed
TWSTWAMedian BSP (kt)Lower quartile (kt)Upper quartile (kt)Samples
0–6 kt60–75°4.34.24.4114
0–6 kt75–90°4.64.44.864
0–6 kt90–105°4.34.24.654
0–6 kt105–120°4.13.84.484
0–6 kt120–140°3.83.44.058
0–6 kt140–160°5.73.66.440
6–9 kt0–30°3.83.44.9317
6–9 kt30–40°7.66.67.8644
6–9 kt40–50°7.65.58.0450
6–9 kt50–60°6.14.47.8264
6–9 kt60–75°4.84.45.7302
6–9 kt75–90°5.24.76.7352
6–9 kt90–105°5.24.65.5366
6–9 kt105–120°4.94.35.5312
6–9 kt120–140°6.96.67.1607
6–9 kt140–160°6.76.36.9545
6–9 kt160–180°5.94.76.638
9–12 kt0–30°7.56.68.487
9–12 kt30–40°8.27.98.4883
9–12 kt40–50°8.17.98.4368
9–12 kt50–60°7.36.77.947
9–12 kt60–75°5.44.07.243
9–12 kt75–90°6.85.37.967
9–12 kt90–105°8.05.38.362
9–12 kt120–140°8.17.29.7122
9–12 kt140–160°9.66.710.1556
9–12 kt160–180°8.16.48.755
12–15 kt0–30°8.27.38.570
12–15 kt30–40°8.48.38.61675
12–15 kt40–50°8.47.78.6387
12–15 kt50–60°8.47.68.740
12–15 kt90–105°11.210.011.663
12–15 kt105–120°10.910.711.348
12–15 kt120–140°10.610.211.2215
12–15 kt140–160°10.610.211.11854
12–15 kt160–180°9.08.69.453
15–18 kt30–40°8.48.28.6218
15–18 kt40–50°8.27.88.838
15–18 kt90–105°11.811.211.933
15–18 kt140–160°11.711.412.0234
Speed polar. In 12–15 kt of wind, median boat speed peaks at 11.2 kt at 90–105° TWA across 9 angle bins.

Coverage

cells show sample counts
TWS \ TWA0–30°30–40°40–50°50–60°60–75°75–90°90–105°105–120°120–140°140–160°160–180°
0–6 kt19539114645484584012
6–9 kt31764445026430235236631260754538
9–12 kt87883368474367622612255655
12–15 kt701675387404166348215185453
15–18 kt182183823733213234—
18–24 kt———————————
24–40 kt———————————

Blank cells have no observations. They do not indicate zero boat speed.

BSP across true wind

11977 samples · kt
CELL —

Rows are true wind speed bands (kt); columns are absolute true wind angle bands (°). Cells show median boat speed in knots. Blank cells have no data.

Median boat speed by true wind speed and angle
TWSTWAMedian BSP (kt)Samples
0–6 kt0–30°2.819
0–6 kt30–40°3.85
0–6 kt40–50°4.73
0–6 kt50–60°4.39
0–6 kt60–75°4.3114
0–6 kt75–90°4.664
0–6 kt90–105°4.354
0–6 kt105–120°4.184
0–6 kt120–140°3.858
0–6 kt140–160°5.740
0–6 kt160–180°4.012
6–9 kt0–30°3.8317
6–9 kt30–40°7.6644
6–9 kt40–50°7.6450
6–9 kt50–60°6.1264
6–9 kt60–75°4.8302
6–9 kt75–90°5.2352
6–9 kt90–105°5.2366
6–9 kt105–120°4.9312
6–9 kt120–140°6.9607
6–9 kt140–160°6.7545
6–9 kt160–180°5.938
9–12 kt0–30°7.587
9–12 kt30–40°8.2883
9–12 kt40–50°8.1368
9–12 kt50–60°7.347
9–12 kt60–75°5.443
9–12 kt75–90°6.867
9–12 kt90–105°8.062
9–12 kt105–120°8.426
9–12 kt120–140°8.1122
9–12 kt140–160°9.6556
9–12 kt160–180°8.155
12–15 kt0–30°8.270
12–15 kt30–40°8.41675
12–15 kt40–50°8.4387
12–15 kt50–60°8.440
12–15 kt60–75°8.54
12–15 kt75–90°10.616
12–15 kt90–105°11.263
12–15 kt105–120°10.948
12–15 kt120–140°10.6215
12–15 kt140–160°10.61854
12–15 kt160–180°9.053
15–18 kt0–30°8.518
15–18 kt30–40°8.4218
15–18 kt40–50°8.238
15–18 kt50–60°8.12
15–18 kt60–75°7.93
15–18 kt75–90°9.47
15–18 kt90–105°11.833
15–18 kt105–120°11.521
15–18 kt120–140°11.63
15–18 kt140–160°11.7234
BSP across true wind. Median boat speed ranges from 2.8 kt to 11.8 kt, fastest at 90–105° TWA in 15–18 kt of wind.

Upwind tack balance

Port minus starboard · knots
TWS · kt|TWA| · °Samples
Port / stbd		Δ BSP · kt
6–930–40100 / 544-1.2
6–940–5069 / 381-0.2
6–950–60121 / 143+1.3
9–1230–40566 / 317+0.1
9–1240–50284 / 84+0.1
12–1530–40761 / 914-0.1
12–1540–50231 / 156+0.4
15–1830–4047 / 171+0
Positive values indicate faster sailing on port; negative values indicate faster sailing on starboard. Only bands with readings on both tacks are shown. These differences alone cannot establish a calibration error.